The first thing downtown Phoenix teaches every first-time visitor on D-backs game day is this: parking here is nothing like a suburban ballpark. Chase Field sits right in the heart of the grid at 401 E Jefferson St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 — surrounded by paid garages, metered streets, and a strict no-tailgating rule in every lot — and every game-day parking space is cashless, advance-only, and sold on a first-come, first-booked basis. The closest official garage runs $25–$35 per car.

For a group of 20 or 40 people, that math compounds fast before you've bought a single hot dog inside. One charter bus or party bus rental to Chase Field changes the entire equation — your group arrives together on Jefferson Street, the parking bill doesn't exist, and the post-game pickup is already handled. This guide breaks down exactly how that works, using verified street-level data for Phoenix and Chase Field's own published logistics.

Partybusinphoenixarizona.com makes it easy to compare bus types and pricing from a large network of bus companies serving Phoenix in under 30 seconds — no account required. For the full picture on Phoenix sporting event transportation, the Phoenix sporting event party bus rental page has every venue covered. The rest of this guide focuses specifically on Chase Field: where the bus drops off, what parking actually costs, how to time the approach, and everything else a group planner needs to know before game day.

Why Rent a Party Bus or Charter Bus to Chase Field?

Chase Field's downtown location is what makes it one of the most walkable ballparks in the country — and one of the least forgiving for groups who drive separately. The parking garages on 4th Street and Jefferson Street fill quickly on popular matchups, and the Diamondbacks' official parking partner requires advance purchase with no cash accepted at any lot. Show up without a reservation for a sellout Dodgers series or a postseason game and the closest available space might be ten blocks from the gates.

The post-game congestion on 4th Street, Jackson Street, and Jefferson Street — three of the main vehicle arteries surrounding the stadium — stacks up for 45 minutes or more after the final out. Rideshare post-game pickup is funneled to Washington Street, one block north of the stadium, where surge pricing and wait times both spike the moment the crowd empties onto the sidewalk.

A Phoenix charter bus or party bus rental routes around every one of those friction points. Your group gets one door-to-door trip — from hotel, neighborhood, or airport pickup — and a curbside drop-off on Jefferson Street, steps from Gate A. The parking fee disappears. The post-game Washington Street scramble disappears.

And nobody splits off at the last minute because they drove themselves. For group sizes from 15 to 56 passengers, one bus is almost always both simpler and cheaper per head than coordinating a downtown garage full of separate cars. Call 480-425-9845 for a quick price comparison any time — or use Partybusinphoenixarizona.com's online tool to see available options.

Charter Bus & Party Bus Drop-Off at Chase Field

Chase Field is bounded by Jefferson Street to the north, 4th Street to the south, and 7th Street to the east, which gives a bus three practical approach streets depending on which gate your group needs. The stadium's northern face along Jefferson Street is the primary pedestrian side — Gate A and Gate D both sit along this stretch — and it's the most direct curbside drop-off point for groups heading straight to those main entrances. There is also a dedicated passenger drop-off lot on Jefferson Street, just west of 7th Street, per published venue guidance, with benches provided for guests waiting on a pickup after the game.

That lot is the cleanest spot for staging a bus between the drop-off and the post-game call.

For individual passengers traveling separately by rideshare, the Diamondbacks designate the drop-off zone near 4th Street and Jackson Street on the stadium's southeast corner. Post-game rideshare pickup shifts to Washington Street — and that's where surge pricing bites hardest when 30,000 fans walk out at once. A private bus skips all of that: you set a pickup window before the game, the bus stages nearby in the surrounding street grid, and it's right there when your group walks out.

No scramble, no surge, no regrouping on a crowded corner.

Chase Field, 401 E Jefferson St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 — home of the Arizona Diamondbacks. Jefferson Street runs along the north face (Gate A and Gate D), 4th Street borders the south side where the attached garage sits, and 7th Street marks the east side near Gate E. The dedicated passenger drop-off lot with benches is on Jefferson Street just west of 7th Street.

Which Gate Does Your Group Use at Chase Field?

Gate A and Gate D are both along Jefferson Street — the north face of the stadium — and the most natural destination for a Jefferson Street bus drop-off. Gate C sits on the east side near 4th Street, closest to the Chase Field Garage. Gate E runs along 7th Street on the west side, which is the stop for Valley Metro Light Rail riders coming from the 3rd Street/Jefferson platform one block west.

For any group stepping out during the game, re-entry is permitted at Gates A, F, J, and K only — flag those before the group disperses into the seating bowl so nobody gets stuck at a closed re-entry gate after a concession run.

Gate timing: 90 minutes before first pitch for Sunday through Friday games, and 2 hours before first pitch on Saturdays. For a weekday 6:40 PM first pitch, that means gates open at 5:10 PM. Time your bus arrival so the group isn't standing on Jefferson Street in July heat waiting for the gates to unlock — pulling up around 80–90 minutes before first pitch is the practical sweet spot.

The bus drops your group on Jefferson Street, steps from Gate A — not at the 4th & Jackson rideshare zone or on a post-game Washington Street curb competing for surge-priced rideshare space. That single difference is what makes a private bus to Chase Field worth it for groups of 15 or more.

Chase Field Parking: What Each Option Actually Costs

Downtown Phoenix has no shortage of structures near Chase Field, but the official lots are cashless, advance-purchase-only, and priced to reflect the downtown premium. Here's the main breakdown from verified parking guides and venue sources:

Lot / GarageTypeTypical Game-Day PriceNotes
Chase Field Garage (401 S. 4th St.)Covered, ~1,500 spaces$25–$35Directly attached to stadium; 31 ADA accessible spaces; connects to ballpark via ADA route
Jefferson Street Garage (333 E. Jefferson St.)Covered$24–$35North side; close to Gate A and Gate D; monthly parking also available
Jackson Street EastSurface / uncovered~$15East side of stadium; one of the better post-game exit options
Diamondback Right Field GarageCovered~$11Budget covered option near the ballpark
Diamondback Right Field LotCovered~$22Covered surface parking
Phoenix Convention Center East GarageCovered~$12Short walk from stadium's west side
Chase Field Self Park Lot #2Surface~$8Budget surface option near the ballpark
55 N. 1st Ave. GarageCoveredLess than official lotsRoughly 10-minute walk to the stadium

Three rules apply across every official Chase Field lot: cash is not accepted anywhere, advance purchase typically saves 10–20% versus last-minute rates (when spaces are even available), and tailgating is prohibited in all Chase Field garages and lots. That third rule surprises a lot of groups — there are no grills, no folding tables, and no extended pre-game setups in any Chase Field parking structure. The pre-game scene happens at the bars and restaurants on the surrounding downtown Phoenix grid instead, which are plentiful and within easy walking distance.

Crown Public House, right next to the stadium, is the most convenient pre-game stop.

Running the numbers for a group of 30: pre-booking 10 cars at $30 each is $300 in parking before anyone covers gas, the post-game rideshare surge back to the hotel, or the coordination cost of keeping 10 cars together. A single bus for the same group replaces all of that with one predictable rate. For current access and hours on the main official garages, see the Chase Field Garage listing on Downtown Phoenix and the Jefferson Street Garage page.

No cash, no tailgating, advance-only — those three rules define the Chase Field parking situation. Pre-booked, cashless, and no pregame setup in any lot. For a group of 20 or more, the bus is typically both easier and cheaper per head than coordinating a caravan of cars through downtown Phoenix.

Getting to Chase Field: Routes, Traffic & Timing

Chase Field is well-served by the Phoenix freeway grid, but "well-served" and "easy on a sold-out night" are two different things. The main freeway approaches are I-10 to the 7th Street exit heading south into downtown, and I-17 to the 7th Street exit heading north — both funneling traffic toward the same downtown core. From the east side of the Valley, SR-51 south to McDowell Road then surface streets into downtown is the main alternative.

The segment that congests first on game nights: I-10 eastbound between SR-51 and US-60, which backs up when downtown Phoenix events stack up on the same evening.

Here are approximate drive times from common Phoenix metro pickup points before game-day traffic adds in:

From…Approx. distanceTypical drive time (off-peak)
Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport (PHX)~4 miles10–15 minutes
Tempe / ASU area~8 miles15–25 minutes
Scottsdale (Old Town)~12 miles20–30 minutes
Mesa (downtown)~16 miles20–35 minutes
Glendale~18 miles25–40 minutes
Peoria~20 miles30–45 minutes
Tucson~110 miles~1 hr 45 min

Those off-peak numbers stretch meaningfully on game nights. The standard recommendation from multiple venue guides is to arrive 60–90 minutes before first pitch — and for postseason games, the Rate Bowl, or any major sold-out event, the 90-minute end of that window is the safer call. On a bus, that window becomes the pre-game portion of the night instead of the parking-hunt portion.

The bus handles the 7th Street crawl while your group's already inside or settled at Crown Public House next door.

Old Town Scottsdale to Chase Field — about 12 miles and 20–30 minutes under normal conditions, and a common origin for D-backs groups in the East Valley. The approach into downtown via I-10 westbound or the Papago Freeway tightens up significantly for sold-out and rivalry games.

Flying In? Phoenix Sky Harbor Is 4 Miles from Chase Field

Chase Field has one of the shortest airport-to-ballpark distances in Major League Baseball. Phoenix Sky Harbor (PHX) is roughly 4 miles east of the stadium — about 10–15 minutes under normal conditions, and $12–$20 by rideshare from the terminal. For groups flying in from Tucson, out-of-state fans coming for a postseason series, or corporate groups landing at PHX for a client event that includes a D-backs game, one bus collects everyone at baggage claim and handles the Jefferson Street drop-off without splitting the landing group across multiple rideshares.

The Phoenix Sky Harbor shuttle guide covers airport pickup logistics in full, and the Phoenix airport transportation page covers group transfer options across the Valley.

Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport to Chase Field is roughly 4 miles east — one of the shortest airport-to-ballpark hops in MLB. A single bus handles the full pickup-to-gate-drop, no rideshare coordination needed across a landing group.

Valley Metro Light Rail to Chase Field: The Full Picture

The Valley Metro A Line is the one piece of public transit that genuinely works for Chase Field — and it's worth knowing the details. Eastbound trains stop at 3rd Street/Jefferson, which puts you about a 2–3 minute walk from Gate A on the stadium's north side. Westbound trains stop at 3rd Street/Washington, one block north of Jefferson, which connects easily to Gate E along 7th Street.

A one-way fare is $2; a day pass is $4. Trains run every 10–15 minutes during peak hours and every 20 minutes in the evenings, with three-car train sets and increased frequency on game days. Valley Metro also operates free park-and-ride lots at stations across the Valley — connect at any of the 12 park-and-ride locations, avoid the downtown parking fee entirely, and ride the rail in for $2 each way.

The light rail is a legitimate option for individuals and small groups already along the A Line corridor. For larger groups, its limits are real: you can't keep 25 people together on a crowded 3rd/Jefferson platform after a D-backs walkoff win when every other fan in downtown Phoenix is also boarding. Rideshare from that same corner surges post-game; the Washington Street pickup zone backs up; and anyone coming from Peoria, Chandler, or a neighborhood not on the A Line needs a connecting trip on top of the train.

A private bus picks the whole group up at one door and delivers them at another — no transfer, no platform surge, no coordinating who takes which car back.

The 3rd Street/Jefferson Valley Metro station is about a 2–3 minute walk from Chase Field's north entrance at Gate A. At $2 per ride it's the most affordable option — but keeping a group of 20+ together on a game-night platform is a different story than the individual commute.

Chase Field Transportation: Every Option Compared

OptionCost shapeArrive together?Drop-off pointPost-gameBest group size
Private charter bus or party busOne flat rental rate, split by the groupYes — one vehicle, one arrivalJefferson Street curbside, steps from Gate ABus staged nearby, pickup on your schedule15–56
Valley Metro Light Rail$2/person one-way; $4 all-day passOnly if everyone boards the same train3rd/Jefferson — 2–3 min walk to Gate ACrowded platform, surge on connecting ridesAny, but no group control
Rideshare (Uber / Lyft)Per car each way + post-game surgeNo — multiple cars, staggered ETAs4th & Jackson (drop-off); Washington St (post-game pickup)Surge pricing; Washington St backup post-final-out1–4 per car
Self-drive + parking$8–$35 per car, cashless, advance-onlyNo — separate arrivals, separate lotsChase Field Garage (4th St) or Jefferson Street GaragePost-game lot exit congestion on 4th & Jackson1–2 cars
D-backs Express (Tucson only, select games)$25 adults / $20 childrenYes, from Foothills Mall in Tucson onlyStadium-area drop-offReturn to Foothills MallSmall Tucson groups on eligible game dates

For one or two people already on the light rail corridor, the $2 train is the obvious call — no reason to charter a bus for a pair. But once you're coordinating 15, 25, or 40 people from different parts of the Valley, the coordination cost of separate trains, rideshares, and parking garages tips decisively toward one bus. That's the group the rest of this guide is written for.

What Size Bus Does Your Group Need for Chase Field?

The right vehicle depends on your headcount and how far you're traveling. Partybusinphoenixarizona.com connects you to a range of bus types through a network of companies serving Phoenix, so your group rides comfortable without paying for seats you don't need. Here's how the full vehicle lineup fits a Chase Field run:

VehicleTypical seatsBest forKey amenities
14-passenger Sprinter limo or Sprinter vanUp to ~14Small groups, corporate clients, airport-to-stadium runsPremium leather, USB charging, tinted privacy windows
Party bus — 25-passenger or similar (15–50 range)~15–50Fan groups, birthday celebrations, bachelorette groups making a game stopColor-changing LED lighting, premium Bluetooth sound, flat-panel TVs, built-in bar area
15–35 passenger minibus~15–35Mid-size groups, corporate outings, East Valley groups making a quick downtown hopPowerful A/C, plush reclining seats — better maneuverability on Phoenix's tight downtown grid
40–56 passenger charter busUp to 56Large fan groups, Tucson-to-Phoenix runs, corporate charters needing gear storageReclining seats, climate control, overhead storage, WiFi, power outlets, onboard restrooms, undercarriage luggage bays

For groups coming from Tucson or running a full day across the Valley, a full-size charter bus is the right call — the undercarriage bays handle luggage and gear, and the onboard restroom eliminates any pit-stop stops on the 110-mile I-10 run. For groups in Scottsdale or Tempe making a 20-minute hop each way, a minibus or party bus keeps the game-day energy up for what's essentially a quick in-and-out trip. ADA-accessible vehicles are available through the network — just note it when you request your quote and it will be factored in from the start.

Chase Field Party Bus and Charter Bus Rental Prices

Partybusinphoenixarizona.com's online tool shows pricing in under 30 seconds — no account needed, no callbacks. The rate is shaped by vehicle size, total hours (including pre-game and post-game wait time), your pickup location, and the date. To give you a sense of the planning range, here's how the network's vehicles typically run for a Phoenix game-day rental:

VehicleWeekday hourly rangeWeekend hourly range
15–35 passenger minibus$200–$250/hr$200–$275/hr
25-passenger party bus$250–$350/hr$275–$375/hr
40-passenger party bus$300–$350/hr$325–$500/hr
40–56 passenger charter bus$200–$350/hr$200–$350/hr

Those are planning ranges — not a quote. The actual price moves with your specific date, vehicle, hours, and demand on that evening. For your exact pricing, fill out the quick form on Partybusinphoenixarizona.com or call 480-425-9845.

You'll have a quote in about a minute. For a full breakdown of how Phoenix rates are structured, see the Phoenix party bus prices page.

A Game-Day Example

To give you an idea: a 28-person group from Old Town Scottsdale books a 30-passenger party bus for a Friday night D-backs game. Pickup at 5:30 PM from Scottsdale, Jefferson Street curbside drop-off by 6:15 PM — 90 minutes before the 6:40 PM first pitch. After the game, the bus is staged nearby and picks the group up at 10:00 PM at the Jefferson Street drop-off lot.

A 5-hour rental for that vehicle might run approximately $1,500–$2,000 total — roughly $54–$71 per person — with the downtown parking fee, the Scottsdale-to-downtown commute, and the post-game Washington Street rideshare surge all replaced by one number split across the whole group.

What's Happening at Chase Field in 2025–2026

Arizona Diamondbacks regular season runs from late March or early April through late September, with home games scheduled throughout. The D-backs drew enormous group interest during their 2023 World Series run — a five-game series against the Texas Rangers — and postseason rental demand peaks the moment they clinch a playoff spot. For rivalry series against the Dodgers, Cubs, and Giants, available vehicles compress quickly.

For most regular-season weekday games outside of those marquee matchups, two to four weeks of lead time is workable. The one detail about Chase Field that surprises out-of-town groups: during July and August, when Phoenix routinely hits 108°F on the Jefferson Street sidewalk, the stadium closes its retractable roof and runs full air conditioning. The game-day experience inside Chase Field is genuinely comfortable even in peak summer — the roof closes in about 4.5 minutes and keeps the interior climate-controlled for the whole game.

The Rate Bowl — Chase Field's annual college football bowl game — is typically held around December 26. It's one of the highest-demand single-day bus dates at Chase Field outside of baseball season, with fan groups from both competing schools coordinating charters across the Valley (and often from out of state). Bowl game demand compresses into one date, so once the matchup is announced in early December, the available vehicle pool moves fast.

Book as soon as you know your group is going.

Stadium-scale concerts round out the calendar. Chase Field's retractable roof makes it one of the few outdoor-capacity venues in the desert southwest where a summer show is actually comfortable, and major tours make it a regular stop. The record Chase Field concert attendance was 53,400 for P!NK's Summer Carnival in October 2023 — and on nights like that, the parking situation around Jefferson Street and 4th Street is even more compressed than a normal baseball game.

A charter bus bypasses the lot-by-lot hunt entirely and drops your group curbside at the relevant entrance. For concert group transportation specifically, the Phoenix concert party bus rental page has the full breakdown.

What to Know Before You Go to Chase Field

Clear bag required. Each fan may bring one clear plastic, vinyl, or PVC bag no larger than 12″ × 6″ × 12″ — or a one-gallon clear plastic freezer bag — plus one small non-clear clutch no larger than 4.5″ × 6.5″. Backpacks, fanny packs, and any non-clear bag larger than the clutch limit are turned away at the gates.

For a group of 30 people, one non-compliant bag discovered at Gate A slows the whole line. Review the policy before the bus leaves and flag it for everyone.

Outside food is permitted; outside drinks have limits. Fans may bring food in an approved clear bag. For beverages, only non-flavored, non-carbonated water in a sealed plastic bottle is permitted, along with empty plastic bottles, sealed single-serving juice boxes, and formula or baby food.

Metal detectors at every gate. MLB requires all fans to walk through a metal detector on entry — for capacity games and playoff nights, the security line adds meaningful time to gate entry. Build that buffer into your pre-game plan, especially if the bus is arriving right at the 90-minute gate-opening window.

Re-entry at Gates A, F, J, and K only. If anyone steps out mid-game and needs to return, those are the only options. Mark them before the group spreads through the seating bowl.

Tailgating is prohibited in every Chase Field garage and lot — no grilling, no folding tables, no extended pre-game setup anywhere on-site. The pre-game experience happens at bars and restaurants on the downtown grid. Crown Public House is immediately next to the stadium and is the most convenient option; Arizona Wilderness Brewing Co. in Roosevelt Row is about a mile north for groups who want to walk.

All parking is cashless and advance-only. There is no cash accepted in any official Chase Field lot, and same-day parking in popular structures sells out for big games. If your group includes anyone planning to park separately, have them book before leaving home.

The Chase Field listing on Downtown Phoenix has links to current venue information and nearby resources.

Address and contact: Chase Field, 401 E Jefferson St, Phoenix, AZ 85004 — (602) 462-6000.

Frequently Asked Questions

Where does a charter bus drop off at Chase Field?

Charter buses and party buses use the Jefferson Street side of the stadium — the north face — as the primary curbside drop-off, with Gates A and D serving that entrance. The dedicated passenger drop-off lot (with benches for waiting) is on Jefferson Street just west of 7th Street, per published venue guidance. Rideshare for individual passengers traveling separately is at 4th Street and Jackson Street on the southeast side.

The specific staging location for your vehicle on your event date is confirmed once your trip is set up with the transportation provider, since approach details can vary by event.

Is tailgating allowed at Chase Field?

No — tailgating is prohibited in all Chase Field garages and lots. This is a standing venue policy for every event, not just postseason games. Pre-game gatherings happen at the surrounding downtown bars and restaurants instead.

What does parking cost at Chase Field?

Official lots and garages run from $8 to $35 per car depending on the lot, proximity, and the event. The Chase Field Garage at 401 S. 4th St. is the most convenient covered option at $25–$35. Budget alternatives like the Diamondback Right Field Garage ($11) and the Self Park Lot #2 ($8) are available nearby.

All official parking is cashless and requires advance purchase — there's no same-day cash option at the gate. Pre-booking through the Diamondbacks' official parking partner typically saves 10–20%.

How much does it cost to rent a bus to Chase Field?

Phoenix party bus and charter bus rental prices depend on vehicle size, total hours, pickup location, and date. As a planning baseline, minibuses run roughly $200–$275 per hour on weekends; party buses range from $275–$500 per hour depending on size; and full-size charter buses for large groups run $200–$350 per hour. Fill out the quick form on Partybusinphoenixarizona.com or call 480-425-9845 for a quote in under a minute.

See the Phoenix party bus prices page for a full rate breakdown.

Where does rideshare drop off and pick up at Chase Field?

Rideshare drop-off for individual passengers is designated near 4th Street and Jackson Street on the stadium's southeast corner. Post-game rideshare pickup shifts to Washington Street, one block north of Chase Field, where surge pricing and wait times spike after the final out. A private bus bypasses the Washington Street crunch — your group sets a pickup window in advance and the bus is staged nearby when you walk out.

Can the bus wait during the game?

Yes. Your rental covers a block of hours, so the bus can stage in the downtown street grid during the game and be at the Jefferson Street drop-off lot when your group walks out. Set the pickup time and meeting spot before the group disperses into the seating bowl — post-game is significantly smoother when everyone already knows where to walk.

How close is Phoenix Sky Harbor Airport to Chase Field?

Phoenix Sky Harbor (PHX) is approximately 4 miles east of Chase Field — about 10–15 minutes under normal conditions, and $12–$20 by rideshare from the terminal. For groups flying in for a game, one bus collects everyone at baggage claim and handles the Jefferson Street drop-off without splitting the landing group across separate cars. The Phoenix Sky Harbor shuttle guide covers the full airport pickup flow.

Is there a train to Chase Field?

Yes — the Valley Metro A Line stops at 3rd Street/Jefferson (eastbound) and 3rd Street/Washington (westbound), both about 2–3 minutes on foot from Chase Field's north and west entrances. A one-way ticket is $2; a day pass is $4. Trains run every 10–15 minutes at peak hours, with increased service on game days.

Valley Metro's free park-and-ride lots connect to the rail at multiple stations across the Valley. It's a great option for individuals — for groups of 15 or more trying to arrive and leave together, a private bus is the more reliable call.

What's the bag policy at Chase Field?

Each fan may bring one clear plastic, vinyl, or PVC bag no larger than 12″ × 6″ × 12″ (or a one-gallon clear ziplock bag), plus a small non-clear clutch no larger than 4.5″ × 6.5″. Backpacks, fanny packs, and oversized bags are not allowed. Brief the whole group before the bus leaves — a non-compliant bag discovered at the gate gate means someone is walking back to the Jefferson Street drop-off lot.

What are the re-entry gates at Chase Field?

Re-entry is permitted at Gates A, F, J, and K only. Guests must show their ticket and be scanned out and back in at one of those four gates.

How far in advance should I book a bus to Chase Field?

For regular D-backs home games, two to four weeks of lead time is typically workable. For postseason games, the Rate Bowl (late December), or any announced stadium-scale concert — book as soon as your date is confirmed. Event-driven demand compresses the available vehicle pool in Phoenix quickly, and the right size vehicle for a 40-person group disappears faster than smaller options.

Call 480-425-9845 to lock in your date.

Book Your Chase Field Group Transportation Today

Whether it's a Friday night D-backs game from Scottsdale, a group flying in from Tucson for a postseason run, a Rate Bowl weekend charter, or a sold-out stadium concert — one bus to Chase Field handles the Jefferson Street drop-off, the post-game pickup, and every parking fee your group would have paid in between. Partybusinphoenixarizona.com makes it easy to compare party buses, minibuses, charter buses, Sprinter vans, and Sprinter limos serving Phoenix in under 30 seconds, with no account required and no obligation to browse. Call 480-425-9845 any time to get a price quote — or use the online tool to see available options!

Also planning a Cardinals game or a Coyotes event on the same trip to the Valley? The State Farm Stadium bus guide covers that venue's logistics in the same detail, and the Phoenix group transportation services page handles multi-stop itineraries across the metro.